Work vs. Employment vs. Occupation - 2030 Words

Work refers to: Human labor Employment, a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee House work, cleaning the rooms and furnishings of a home Labor (economics), measure of the work done by human beings Manual labour, physical work done by people Wage labour, in which a worker sells their labor and an employer buys it Work (project management), the effort applied to produce a deliverable or accomplish a task Working the system, using the rules and procedures meant to protect a system, instead to manipulate that system work A task assigned by yourself or someone else which you feel obligated to complete. noun 1.exertion or effort directed to produce or accomplish something; labor; toil.†¦show more content†¦The Saxons were subsistence farmers. (Farmers grew enough to feed themselves and their families and very little else). At times during the Saxon era there were terrible famines in England when poor people starved to death. Some Saxons were craftsmen. There were blacksmiths, bronze smiths and potters. At first Saxon potters made vessels by hand but in the 7th century the potters wheel was introduced). Other craftsmen made things like combs from bone and antler or horn. There were also many leather workers and Saxon craftsmen also made elaborate jewellery for the rich. In the Middle Ages the land was divided into 3 huge fields. Each year 2 were sown with crops while one was left fallow (unused) to allow it to recover. Each peasant had some strips of land in each field. Most peasants owned only one ox so they had to join with other families to obtain the team of oxen needed to pull a plough. After ploughing the land was sown. Men sowed grain and women planted peas and beans. Most peasants also owned a few cows, goats and sheep. Cows and goats gave milk and cheese. Most peasants also kept chickens for eggs. They also kept pigs. Peasants were allowed to graze their livestock on common land. In the autumn they let their pigs roam in the woods to eat acorns and beechnuts. However they did not have enough food to keep many animals through the winter. Most of the livestock was slaughtered in autumn and the meat was salted to preserve it. After 1500 industry gradually grewShow MoreRelatedHrm Practices And How They Benefit Employers And Employees Essay727 Words   |  3 Pagesand fulfillment since representatives are offered an opportunity to talk about their work execution. This, thus, will lead them to perform more prominent in inventive exercises. for bosses advantages of execution examination is that, in the surge and clamor of day by day working life, it offers an uncommon possibility for a director and subordinate to have time out for a one-on-one discourse of imperative work issues that may not generally be tended to (Performance-appraisal.com, 2016) Career managementRead MoreHow Health Is A Complex Status1626 Words   |  7 Pagessocial support, income, social status, education, literacy, employment, working conditions, social and physical environments, personal practices, coping skills, gender, culture, and available health services (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2011). 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The need for diverse number of professionals in modern healthcare settings is for the effective functioning of the practice at the highest level that leads to the provision of quality care services to patients. The transformation of the nursingRead More Collective Bargaining and Labour Market Outcomes for Canadian Working Women4675 Words   |  19 Pagesbargaining on earnings, low pay, and earnings inequality, and Part II provides some background description of the labour market position of Canadian working women. Particular attention is paid to the situation of the majority of women who continue to work in lower paid, often insecure and part-time, clerical, sales, and service jobs. The central conclusion of the empirical analysis in Part III , mainly based on data from Statistics Canadas 1995 Survey of Working Arrangements, is that collective bargainingRead MoreWomen s Social Issues And Concerns1292 Words   |  6 PagesWomen living in poverty during the early adulthood stage face a lot of obstacles when trying to establish a career identity. Women during the ages of 24-34 years old are influenced by work and interpersonal relationships. Poverty is the root of almost all America’s social issues and concerns. It is prominent to the factors of education, social development, and the economic well beings as adults. Poverty contributes to the inequalities of race, language, culture and place in the United States. Read MoreThe Policies Of Government During The 1980 S1569 Words   |  7 Pageslivelihood after the 1980 the policies of Government was rather concerned with the developmental work all along and even ignoring the basic human rights of people or the mass at large. Such policies were given importance and the government of that time tried very hard to forcibly evict people and to displace them to fulfill the developmental needs. one such case which came during the 1980s OLGA TELLIS VS. BOMBAY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, in this case through the section 7 of BOMBAY MUNICIPAL LAW, then

Tuition on the Rise A Cause of Turmoil - 1111 Words

Tuition on the Rise: A Cause of Turmoil Today colleges are growing more and more necessary for attaining a solid path towards a successful career, yet the rapidly increasing cost of tuition is driving students away from their dream of attending college, due to the preposterous amount of money that is now being demanded by colleges across the nation and world as a whole. It is sad to see students being turned away from a successful future due to the money-hungry nature of the universities that dot the globe. More and more impossible it is becoming to have a â€Å"rags-to-riches† scenario that used to highlight the American Dream, as if a student doesn’t have the riches to afford a higher education and the tuition that is drug upon its†¦show more content†¦It was found out that the removal of in-state tuition resulted in substantial decreases in total enrollment, resulting in less students able to fulfill their dream of being able to go to college in order to pur sue a successful career of their choosing. In effect, this greatly limits students’ choices in their future goals and education. Despite the vast amounts of negatives associated with the advent of the rapidly increasing tuition situation, there is at least one positive impact. â€Å"Using a regression discontinuity design on data from Bocconi University in Italy, we show that a 1,000 euro increase in continuation tuition reduces the probability of late graduation by 5.2% when the benchmark probability is 80%† (Garibaldi). As shown in the study, when tuition is raised in large amounts, the probability of students graduating late also decreases. This happens because students are afraid to stay in college even longer as the massive amounts of tuition would make them collapse under its weight, so the students decide not to change majors in order to escape the costs associated with extending their years in college. The decrease in delayed graduates is very good for the global economy, as new graduates will be out in the real world faster, making them capable of filling jobs to empower our economy. 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Student loans are the second leading cause of debt, only preceded by mortgages, holding a 1.2 trillion dollar stake in our economy, paying almost 51.5 billion dollars in interest a year. This crisis would usually be solved by grants such as scho larships, which do not need to be payed back,Read MoreAnalysis Of Sidhwa s Ice Candy- M Partition Based Fictional Autobiography1533 Words   |  7 Pagesof different religions and even by the men from their own religion (and indeed sometimes by men of their own religion.)† (Butalia) The Partition Literature: The tragedy of the partition encounter has given rise to fictional explorations with an attempt to define the inner turmoil and social complexes that plagued the subcontinent. 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Sample Lesson Using the Inductive Approach Free Essays

sample lesson: simple future June 5th, 2012 Introduction: This sample lesson is made for beginners (kids) for explaining simple future with an inductive approach. Using some visual aids to get the attention of the students through examples like, dialogs, conversations, images and videos. Teaching in a generative situation, which follows the real world is used in order to generate a real environment to make students experience like in the real life. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Lesson Using the Inductive Approach or any similar topic only for you Order Now Making students apply the language in the real situation is the most crucial. This means that the purpose of learning language is to realize how to use it correctly in a right situation. Natural language acquisition means that learning a language at an environment of non-intervention, the best approach of experimental learning is that situates the learner at the environment which is full of our foreign language, and it’s as the acquisition of our first language. Simple Lesson: Teaching simple future through dialogs. (begginers) The teacher shows a video of a trip, taken from a website to the students, using it as the introduction of the simple future with appropriate vocabulary to the group. Places, food, activities). Step 1. The teacher plays a little conversation about a trip. Mary: What will you do in your summer vacations? Paul: I will go to the beach with my family. Mary: Will you go to a Mexican beach? Paul: Yes, I will. I will travel to Cancun. And what will you travel the next vacations? Mary: No, I won’t. I just will stay here. Paul: Oh, I will bring you something from Cancun. Mary: thanks! Then the teacher asks them: what are they talking about? * Last weekend * Next weekend * Every weekend Then he gives some seconds to the students to think about the answer. Step 2. Here, the Teacher shows an image in this case it would be a beach and ask students to say some ideas according to the image. For example: Travel by car Take pictures Swim Eat seafood, etc. Then the teacher writes the list of words or sentences on the board. Step 3. The teacher writes on the board, the following: I will (say the ideas they gave) You He she I will (say the ideas they gave) You He she The teacher is going to read the first one: ‘ I will travel by car’ Then the students are going to continue with the following examples to form a simple future sentence with the information they gave. After that, the teacher asks them to repeat with he the sentences. Step 4. In this step, the students create some sentence using real information like what will they do the next weekend, to evaluate the knowledge learned. Discussion: In this sample lesson, chosen a video of a trip leaves students watch and understand the context and they can realized what the video is about. The teacher also chose an image that is so useful in this case, because it leaves students to think about activities or use their imagination to produce ideas related to the image. Asking students to read sentences using the rule but not provide it them like an explanation leaves them to discover the rule applied, and notice about the new item and may lead them to work out the rules by induction. In step 1 the rule is a little provided, without an explanation, for the students and they can realize that they’re talking about next activities. And listening skill is required to attend the attention to students to the form. In steps 2 and 3 students are more closely to describe activities used to talk about future. And in step 4 students are capable to demonstrate of the new item. Evaluation E-factor: in terms of efficacy this sample lesson is efficient if the vocabulary provided is comprehensible or the video used is adaptable for kids. It is also essential that the video and the conversation are intelligible by reference and context. A problem here is that the internet couldn’t work so that would make difficult the class. This detracts from the ease of preparation. If the video and the conversation are too long it will require a lot of time, reducing the economy factor. And in terms of efficacy the contextual support they gave with the ideas related to the image, the conversation and the video scores highly in terms of efficacy. A-factor: students will be familiar with the conversation because it was with appropriate vocabulary for beginners (kids). The use of dialogs, videos, images matches learners of how language is used in the real world. Also through inductive approach students can discover the rule through examples. Conclusion This sample lesson was referred with the inductive approach in which students learned through experience and discover by themselves. The rule so in this case they fit their mental structures than in a deductive approach. And students are more involved in the learning process. Using this approach is easier for beginners to learn new rules because they interact more participating, and are more likely to work in the activities presented. And learn through experience that is the natural route to learning. How to cite Sample Lesson Using the Inductive Approach, Essay examples

Google Case Study

Question: Discuss about theGoogle Case Study. Answer: Introduction The case study is from technological sector. This sector is highly competitive sector in which leaders and managers have to manage the conflict among various stakeholders. The case study is about Google Inc. Background The case study is about the Aristotle project of Google Inc. Three key stakeholders as per the case study are Julia, Matt and Google Inc. (or project Aristotle). The company launched this project in the year 2012. This project was launched to assess the team dynamics among the various teams at Google Inc. Julia was the part of this project. The common observation of the project was that the project where team members used to interact outside the office hours was more productive as compared to the project where the team members were strangers. Julia was a lead researcher in this project. She wanted to know the norms and attributes that mattered most for team dynamics. The case study describes two types of teams. The first type is team A where all the members are professionals. The second type is team B where informal relationship is high among the team members. For Project Aristotle, the research pointed to particular norms that are vital to success. Julia and her colleagues had figur ed out which norms were most critical. One of the employees of Google, Matt was intrigued by the findings of Julia. Matt has an unusual background while joining Google Inc. Recently he started a new project in the company and he wanted to ensure that the team norms are effective in the organization. He approached Julia and Project Aristotle for help. Julia did an initial survey and determined that the team dynamics was not good and people were happy only at an outer level. Matt was not happy with the survey of the result as he always felt that the team is a closed group where all the employees support each other. Issues and Problems The two major issues as inferred from the case study can be discussed as: Issue 1: Negative Team Dynamics in Matts Team The biggest problem for Matt was that his team was not a closed group. The team members liked Matt. However, the culture of the team was not good and it reduced the overall effectiveness of the group. The survey revealed that the team members agreed that there were weaknesses in the team and group dynamics was weak in the team as people provided poor score when asked about the team dynamics. Po Lirong (2014) argued that negative team dynamics is like rust that can make the entire organization or team ineffective. Issue 2: Communication Barriers in the Leadership Style of Matt It appears that Matt was a good person. However, he may not be a good leader. The communication or the interaction among the team members was not good. Moreover, Matt had a wrong perception of his team. He was able to identify the problem only with the help of survey. Therefore, it can be said that Matt lacked the leadership attribute of vision that the leaders must have. It can be said that Matt was not able to satisfy the interests of all the stakeholders in the organization. Torrente Salanova (2012) highlighted that the lack of communication in the team can reduce the productive levels of team members. Possible Solutions The key solutions for the above-identified issue can be discussed as: Issue 1: Negative team dynamics in Matts team Proposed Solution 1: Frequent communication Democratic leadership The problem of negative dynamics could be resolved with frequent communication. It is important that Matt should focus on establishing the informal communication channels along with the formal communication channels. The informal communication channels would enable the team members to understand other team members (Liu Cross, 2016). It would reduce the negativity in the team and all the team members would gel well and ultimately it would set the platform of positive team dynamics for Matt. Collins Gibson (2016) argued that democratic style of leadership would work well when the employees or the team members realize their duty and roles and responsibilities. It is important that Matt should have a good rapport with all the team members so that all the team members in the team can work without any handholding. This alternative suggests that the Matt should give more rights to the team members. This type of style allows for more individuals to participate in the decision-making, and offer more autonomy for employees as results in a higher level of employee engagement and higher morale. The role of democratic leadership style would be to overcome the individual beliefs and perception of the people that act as the barriers to positive tam dynamics. It is important that the decision should be made collectively in the team. The inputs of different team members should be values and Matt should motivate the team members to bring their points forward. This would be the basis of the good team dynamics in the team. Advantages: The democratic leadership style from Matt would make team members motivated as they would realize that their inputs are being values. The frequent communication through informal channels would create good cohesion among the team members Disadvantages The excess of informal communication in the team members can reduce the productivity level of team Issue 2: Communication barriers in the leadership style of Matt Proposed Solution 2: Organizational design to establish team norms and healthy team dynamics Matt should have a lean or flat team where the team members can cut the red tape and interact with other team members freely. This organization design would be the Organic Organizations that are flatter and more flexible than mechanistic organizations with this type of organization structure it is more designed for the younger generation as their work environment is more relaxed yet more productive. Organic structures are effective in organizations that rely on learning, innovation, and flexibility. Diversification and evolving the organizational structure over time is a very important aspect in creating a strong organizational structure. As firms age, they often expand their business scope (Gallagher, 2013). It is important to mention that eventually, Matt would have to adhere to the structure of Google only. Dolata Schwabe (2014) argued that it is important that the structure of team should focus on established group norms in the team. Matt should realize that the team should have common norms so that the work could be productive in nature. The effectiveness of the entire team can suffer if the team, as a whole, does not have a common norms and practices (Naseri Gilbert, 2014). Typically, the leaders would have a main role to play to establish the common norms in the team. In fact, it is a good practice the norms should be established in top-down manner. The team norms would act as the guidelines that should be followed by different team members. It would help Matt to generate a common set of objectives for all the team members. The three key team norms that should be part of the organizational design are communication, decision-making and conflict management (Gillespie Gwinner, 2013). It is expected that the focus on these three norms would improve the team dynamics in the team. Advantages The organizational design with the focus on team norms and group dynamics would make Google Inc. more flexible and lean. With the new organizational design, the team members would be able to establish an open culture in the organization (McEvoy, 2012). Disadvantages Google Inc. has an established organizational design and the organization would be required to change its organizational design with this recommendations. The change management could be difficult as there is always a possibility that some of the employees would not support the change (Slocum, 2015). Conclusion The above paper discusses two proposed solutions for Matt. The first solution focuses of effective communication and democratic leadership style. The second solution is that Matt and Google Inc. should have the organizational design that supports the team norms and effective team dynamics. This is the way forward for Matt to overcome the existing negative team dynamics and to improve efficiency and labor productivity. The key recommendations for Google Inc. and the strategies that should be used in short term and long term can be discussed as: Short-Term action The company should immediately bring the change agents that would work to make flexible teams at Google Inc. with the focus on established team norms and group dynamics. Medium-Term action The company should take inputs from employees to make a lean and flexible organizational culture within different teams. Long-Term Action Plan In the long term, the management of Google Inc. should analyze various organizational designs that could benefit Google to have highly effective team. With the entire action plan, Google Inc. would be benefited in long term. The action plan would need some investment in short term. However, the overall productivity of Google Inc. would improve in long term. References Amin-Naseri, M. and Gilbert, S., 2014. A System Dynamics Approach to Building Team Trust Models: Exploring the Challenges.Pedagogy That Makes A Difference: Exploring Domain-Independent Principles across Instructional Management Research within the ITS Community, p.49. Buller, P. F. McEvoy, G. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human Resource Management Review. 22 (1), 43-56. Collins, C.G., Gibson, C.B., Quigley, N.R. and Parker, S.K., 2016. Unpacking team dynamics with growth modeling An approach to test, refine, and integrate theory.Organizational Psychology Review,6(1), pp.63-91. Dolata, M. and Schwabe, G., 2014, May. Call for action: designing for harmony in creative teams. InInternational Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems(pp. 273-288). Springer International Publishing. Gallagher, K. (2013)Skills Development for Business and Management Students: Study and Employability.UK: Oxford University. Gillespie, B.M., Gwinner, K., Chaboyer, W. and Fairweather, N., 2013. Team communications in surgerycreating a culture of safety.Journal of interprofessional care,27(5), pp.387-393. Germain, M. and McGuire, D. (2014) The Role Of Swift Trust inVirtualTeams and Implications forHumanResourceDevelopment.,Advances in DevelopingHumanResources, 16(3). Liu, W.H. and Cross, J.A., 2016. A comprehensive model of project team technical performance.International Journal of Project Management,34(7), pp.1150-1166. Po, H., Lirong, L. and Wei, H., 2014. Shared Leadership, Vertical Leadership and Team Creativity: A Dual-Perspective Study.Journal of Management,6, p.005. Slocum, D. (2015). Seven Tyrannies That Creative Leaders Must Overcome. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/berlinschoolofcreativeleadership/2015/04/01/seven-tyrannies-that-creative-leaders-must-overcome/#33d75dfd1b0b Torrente, P., Salanova, M., Llorens, S. and Schaufeli, W.B., 2012. Teams make it work: How team work engagement mediates between social resources and performance in teams.Psicothema,24(1), pp.106-112.